What is the first line treatment for Active Tuberculosis (Initial Phase)?

The first line treatment for active tuberculosis during the initial phase is indeed a combination of Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol, commonly referred to as RIPE therapy. This regimen is administered for the first two months of treatment and is effective in eliminating the majority of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria present in the patient's body.

Rifampin is a potent antibacterial that works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, thus effectively reducing the bacterial load. Isoniazid functions by interfering with the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. Pyrazinamide aids in improving the efficacy of the treatment by targeting dormant bacteria in acidic environments within the body, while Ethambutol helps to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

This combination not only addresses the immediate bacterial load effectively but also reduces the chances of developing resistance, which is a significant concern in tuberculosis treatment. The duration of two months is critical for achieving a rapid response and ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment.

The other options either suggest incorrect combinations or dosages or utilize medications that are not typically first-line treatments for tuberculosis. For instance, using only oral