What is the first line treatment for Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)?

Ivermectin is the first-line treatment for Onchocerciasis, commonly known as River Blindness. This drug works effectively against the adult parasites and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of the disease. Ivermectin acts by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels in the parasite, which leads to paralysis and eventual death of the organism, allowing the immune system to clear the infection.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ivermectin as part of community-directed treatment programs in endemic areas due to its efficacy, safety profile, and the fact that it can reduce the transmission of the disease. Its once-a-year dosing protocol further simplifies treatment logistics for large populations at risk.

The other medications listed are not the first-line treatment for Onchocerciasis. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is primarily used for lymphatic filariasis, while praziquantel is employed for treating schistosomiasis and other trematode infections. Albendazole is effective against several helminth infections but is not specifically used for Onchocerciasis. Thus, ivermectin stands out as the preferred option for this particular infection due to its targeted action and supporting public health strategies.